LOCAL Comentario :: Magreb : Movimiento Global
François Bayrou, candidat entre deux eaux et à coloration variable
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Fecha de Creación
- 06 mar 2007
Date Edited
- 06 mar 2007 04:19:50
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Fetz Marcabrus los motz e.l so.
Fetz Marcabrus los motz e.l so.
Aujatz que di... »
François Bayrou n’a pas eu besoin de quitter la Gascogne pour découvrir cet appel à la paix civile, composé par l’un des plus grands poètes du XII siècle. Mais le troubadour Marcabru, auteur du poème et de la musique qui l’accompagne, chante en réalité un devoir de guerre : celui d’une croisade pour laver nos pêchés. C’est pourquoi on appelle souvent ce texte « Vers del Lavador ».
La croisade, première entreprise « européenne » ? Après l’Empire d’Occident de Charlemagne, ce fut la montée du théocratisme sous le Pape Grégoire VII et, juste après, le « Deus lo volt ! » de Clermont-Ferrand qui acclama l’appel d’Urbain II à la première croisade. Marcabru exhorte les chrétiens à participer aux conquêtes militaires du Comte de Barcelone Ramon Berenguer IV dans la « reconquête » espagnole.
Quant à la « pensée unique » et à la « politique unique », l’Eglise du Moyen-Age fut bien en avance. A une époque où les idées politiques s’exprimaient principalement par des voies religieuses, le Pape Innocent III prépara, décreta et organisa la Croisade Albigeoise. Après cette implacable guerre de religion, la police politique des « enquêteurs de la perversité hérétique » (Inquisitio haereticae pravitatis), fonctionnant en même temps comme un tribunal d’exception, vit officiellement le jour et sévit longtemps dans de nombreux pays. A ce dispositif policier et judiciaire, l’Eglise ajoutait : a) la menace de l’Enfer contre tout écart de pensée ; b) une machine à broyer intellectuelle, basée sur le dogme et sur l’implacabilité du raisonnement scolastique.
Ce n’est pas tout. La schéma politique théocratique mis en avant par l’Eglise du Moyen-Age n’était pas celui d’un ordre local, ni même continental. Il s’agissait bien d’un ordre mondial. Etant entendu qu’il fallait espérer que, pour leur bien, à terme tous les peuples de la planète se convertiraient au catholicisme. Encore un point où ces papes étaient « en avance » sur le plan de la stratégie des classes dominantes. On ne peut même pas dire qu’ils employaient des procédés répressifs d’une brutalité inégalée, compte tenu de ce qui s’est produit dans l’Europe du XX siècle. Raison de plus de s’inquiéter de tout signe qui puisse paraître précurseur d’un retour à la censure de la pensée ou de la diversité politique, fût-ce (ou surtout !) au nom de l’évidence.
Huit siècles après la Croisade Albigeoise, dans une Europe qui a connu entre autres le fascisme, le nazisme et deux guerres mondiales, deux traits médiévaux s’affirment de manière inquiétante : la banalisation des partis par la politique et la pensée « uniques », et la mise en place controversée d’un pouvoir européen où les lobbies de la grande finance ont remplacé l’Eglise toute-puissante de jadis.
A son tour, cet « ordre européen » s’inscrit de plus en plus ouvertement dans le cadre d’un futur « ordre mondial » qui ressemble fort au schéma de gouvernance préconisé par des cercles d’influence comme la « Commission Trilatérale ». A savoir, une direction à trois composantes (Amérique du Nord - Europe - puissances de l’Asie) des affaires planétaires, comme déjà envisagé dans les premiers documents de travail de cette Commission ou dans les comptes rendus de ses réunions annuelles. Le monde, gouverné par une théocratie de l’argent ? C’est ce que suggèrent la composition, les objectifs et le mode de fonctionnement de ce genre d’organisations fort éloignées des citoyens mais très actives et influentes.
La création de la Commission Trilatérale est d’ailleurs intervenue à un moment (1973) où les Etats-Unis venaient de se désengager du Viêt Nam dans des conditions défavorables. D’où la stratégie, de la part des milieux financiers, d’impliquer dans la « gouvernance mondiale » l’ensemble des puissances du monde capitaliste de l’époque. Une orientation incontestablement intelligente, du point de vue de la défense des intérêts de la grande finance.
Dès janvier 1974, on trouve le futur premier ministre français Raymond Barre parmi les membres la Trilatérale. En même temps qu’un certain James E. Carter, Jr, gouverneur de la Géorgie.
Mais François Bayrou, membre également de la Trilatérale jusqu’en 2005 et héritier autoproclamé de la tradition "centriste", ajoute un troisième ingrédient à connotation médiévale à l’actuel panorama politique : l’appel à la paix civile, dans un pays où règne d’après lui : « Perpétuellement la guerre entre le PS et l’UMP, perpétuellement en embuscade l’un contre l’autre ». Raison pour laquelle, poursuit notre homme providentiel : « J’ai vu mon pays décliner, s’appauvrir ». Rien de moins. La mondialisation, les élargissements de l’Union européenne, le méga-espace économique du Conseil de l’Europe, les exportations de capitaux, les délocalisations, le marché mondial de la main d’oeuvre, le dumping social... n’y sont semble-t-il pour rien. Toute la faute revient à la « guerre entre le PS et l’UMP »... Curieux, dans ce cas, qu’on ait tant de mal à trouver des textes d’une législature franchement désavoués par la législature suivante après une « alternance ».
Le discours de l’UDF sur les "guerres" entre partis et la nécessité d’un gouvernement d’union nationale ressemble à du pipeau pour distraire les électeurs des vrais problèmes auxquels personne n’entend apporter de solution. A quoi rime de promettre un « gouvernement rassemblant des compétences et des sensibilités différentes », voire même « un premier ministre de gauche », si de toute façon, comme le reconnaît François Bayrou, il n’existe aucune différence essentielle entre les courants qui ont gouverné le pays depuis les années 1970 ? Le slogan « union nationale » fait partie depuis des mois des lieux communs de la campagne électorale. Une manière, peut-être, de tenter d’imposer un « retour au bercail » aux électeurs réfractaires en rendant la « politique unique » incontournable.
Le candidat de l’UDF nage entre deux eaux, avec des propositions qui se voudraient de « gauche » et d’autres plus proches de la « droite » . Selon les cas, il changera de coloration apparente pour s’adapter de la manière la plus éclectique possible à ces prises de position. Mais, dans l’ensemble, rien de très novateur par rapport aux stratégies déjà appliquées par les autres partis.
C’est qu’en réalité, dans la politique que prépare l’UDF, comme dans celles du PS et de l’UMP, l’ensemble des paramètres macro-économiques et macro-politiques est par définition intouchable. On gouverne en s’y adaptant, et les Français n’ont qu’à manger « ce qu’il y a à la maison » . Sauf que « ce qu’il y a à la maison » s’en va, avec les départs de capitaux et les délocalisations à la recherche des plus bas salaires possibles. Quels que soient les partis en litige, on a affaire à un débat politique vidé de son contenu. Ce n’est pas grave, il en restera toujours assez pour bien nourrir l’infime partie de la population que représente la composante « superieure » des appareils politiques, administratifs, gestionnaires, médiatiques... « Les gens » n’ont qu’à essayer de s’y incruster. Pour le reste, peu importe que le gouvernement soit de « droite », de « gauche » de « centre », d’ « entente nationale » ou que sais-je encore. La politique restera la même.
Ce qui paraît en l’espèce très inquiétant, c’est que par le passé les appels à l’union nationale sont toujours intervenus la veille de décisions très douloureuses pour la population, ou pour gérer des situations de cette nature. Le but du consensus étant d’imposer les mesures adoptées comme étant incontournables. Autrement, on joue à la « droite », à la « gauche », au « centre » ... mais on ne parle pas d’entente nationale, d’union nationale, de rassemblement des compétences, etc... Il s’agit précisément, dans une période « normale », de faire croire à une réelle diversité politique entre les différents partis du système. Lorsque cette apparence n’est plus respectée, c’est qu’on prêche l’inéluctabilité. Mais de quoi, en l’espèce ? Touchons du bois.
Pendant que les capitaux amassés avec la sueur des Français continuent de quitter le pays sans qu’aucun politique bien-pensant ne s’y oppose, François Bayrou s’écrie : « Arrêtez les promesses dont nous n’avons plus le premier sou ! ». Il ajoute que « l’effort de tous les Français » sera indispensable dans la « lutte contre la dette ». Un discours bien « barriste »... et bien « trilatéral ». Mais quel effort peuvent faire les Français pour concurrencer des salaires dix ou vingt fois plus bas, pratiqués dans des pays dont le potentiel technologique et universitaire ne cesse de s’accroître grâce aux délocalisations ? Où est, d’ailleurs, la prétendue originalité de ce candidat aux présidentielles ? On a déjà donné avec Giscard et Barre, et on peut très bien nous la refaire avec Bayrou président et Rocard premier ministre. Sauf que cette fois-ci, ce sera beaucoup pire. Et que signifie l’expression « république sociale », que même Mussolini avait employée ? On peut tout faire avec ce genre d’expressions...
La politique étrangère du candidat Bayrou n’est pas piquée des vers, non plus. Sur son site intitulé « La France de toutes nos forces », où il déclare vouloir « rompre avec vingt-cinq années d’archaïsme politique », on peut lire notamment : « Nous devons construire une défense européenne. Dès lors, l’Alliance atlantique aura un tout autre visage, et les réticences françaises à son égard s’effaceront. (...) Notre continent doit devenir capable de faire face aux crises qui nécessitent une intervention au loin ». Il s’agit donc, à terme, de mettre en place une puissance militaire continentale alliée des Etats-Unis, à un moment où la puissance US éprouve d’énormes difficultés pour poursuivre seule sa stratégie d’interventions. Qui paiera les dépenses de cette « défense européenne » , alors que « nous n’avons plus le premier sou » ? Le candidat de l’UDF recherche également un maximum d’appuis parmi les lobbistes européens influents, s’engageant à « sauver la substance du projet de Constitution européenne » que les électeurs ont rejeté en 2005. Quant au caractère profondément antisocial de la « substance » de ce Traité, ce n’est manifestement pas l’essentiel pour François Bayrou.
Ce ne sont que quelques illustrations du contenu réel d’un programme politique qui se veut « de centre » et basé sur l’évidence et le bon sens, mais qui en réalité constitue une défense engagée des intérêts du capitalisme pur et dur. Annonce de la poursuite de la destruction des acquis sociaux des Français, voire même avec des aspects militaires dont on mesure mal les dangers réels. Lors des élections présidentielles, le Carême sera fini. Mais une longue pénitence sociale et citoyenne risque de commmencer le lendemain du second tour, quel qu’en soit le résultat.
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Commentarios
Re: François Bayrou, candidat entre deux eaux et à coloration variable
rfrn.over-blog.com/article-5886412.html
Bayrou et l'Opus Dei
www.monde-diplomatique.fr/1995/09/NORMAND/1804
GARDE BLANCHE DU VATICAN
La troublante ascension de l'Opus Dei
(...)
M. Raymond Barre a témoigné au procès de béatification d'Escriva de Balaguer, attestant les « signes de sainteté » du fondateur de l'oeuvre.
(...)
Vladimir Felzmann, ancien membre de l'Opus, rapporte une conversation avec Escriva qui en dit long. Après avoir maintenu que le christianisme avait été sauvé du communisme par la prise de pouvoir du général Franco avec l'appui du chancelier Hitler, il ajouta : « Hitler contre les juifs, Hitler contre les slaves, c'était Hitler contre le communisme. » Cette indulgence pour le fascisme mène à l'engagement de l'Opus dans le franquisme.
(...)
[fin de l'extrait]
Ou encore:
www.voltairenet.org/article1873.html
Le 16 octobre 1997, un vif incident a opposé Jean-Pierre Brard, député (PCF) de la Seine-Saint-Denis, au comte Charles-Amédée du Buisson de Courson, député (FD) de la Marne, au sujet du statut fiscal des concubins. Le député démocrate-chrétien entendait prolonger son œuvre du 18 octobre 1995.
(...)
... Jean-Pierre Brard, ancien membre de la Commission d'enquête parlementaire sur les sectes, évoque l'appartenance supposée du comte Charles-Amédée du Buisson de Courson à l'Opus Dei. On remarquera les réactions immédiates de soutien du comte Louis de Froissard de Broissia et de Bernadette Isaac-Sibille dont la participation occasionnelle à des réunions d'organisations satellites de l'Opus Dei est déjà attestée. (...)
www.voltairenet.org/article1874.html
27 octobre 1997
Né le 2 avril 1952 dans le seizième arrondissement de la capitale, le comte Charles-Amédée du Buisson de Courson est énarque comme il se doit (...) Après un passage à la Direction du Budget, il est devenu directeur-adjoint du cabinet d'Alain Madelin pendant la première cohabitation (1986-88). Maire de Vanault-les-Dames depuis 1986, vice-président du Conseil général de la Marne depuis 1992, il a été élu député (UDF) en 1993 et réélu en 1995.
(...)
... cet ardent défenseur de " la " famille (cf. RV 96/0164) est toujours célibataire, ainsi qu'il est demandé aux " numéraires "de l'Opus Dei.
www.bayrou.fr/media/lequipe/courson-bfm-130207.html
Charles de Courson : "Le pluralisme médiatique entraîne le pluralisme politique, défendu par François Bayrou !"
13 février 2007
(...)
www.voltairenet.org/article2436.html
27 mai 1996
Sur proposition de François Bayrou, le Conseil des ministres a nommé le 13 mai 1996 Gérard-François Dumont recteur de l'Académie de Nice, et Maurice Quenet recteur de l'Académie de Créteil.
[Gérard-François Dumont, économiste et démographe, disciple d'Alfred Sauvy et Pierre Chaunu, est professeur de géographie à Paris IV... (...) C'est un fanatique pourfendeur de l'immigration musulmane et de la liberté sexuelle. Il est réputé surnuméraire de l'Opus Dei.]
[Maurice Quenet, juriste, fut directeur des études de Saint-Cyr-Coètquidan (1983-86), puis recteur de l'Académie de Nantes (86-90)... (...) Réputé membre numéraire de l'Opus Dei, il a récemment rejoint le Mouvement pour la France de Philippe de Villiers.]
C'est bien une théocratie financière...
« Nous sommes reconnaissants envers le Washington Post, le New York Times, Time Magazine et d’autres grands journaux, leurs directeurs ayant participé à nos rencontres et ayant respecté la promesse de discrétion pendant près de 40 ans. Il nous aurait été impossible de développer notre Plan pour le Monde toutes ces années durant si les projecteurs avaient été braqués sur nos activités. Le Monde est maintenant plus sophistiqué et plus préparé à accepter un Gouvernement Mondial. La Souveraineté supranationale d’une élite intellectuelle et de banquiers est sûrement préférable au principe d’autodétermination nationale des peuples, pratiquée tout au long de ces derniers siècles »
ou, en anglais, d’après des sources solvables, par exemple:
http://www.expressnews.ualberta.ca/print.cfm?id=795
"We are grateful to the Washington Post, The New York Times, Time Magazine and other great publications whose directors have attended our meetings and respected their promises of discretion for almost 40 years. It would have been impossible for us to develop our plan for the world if we had been subjected to the lights of publicity during those years...The supranational sovereignty of an intellectual elite and world bankers is surely preferable to the national autodetermination practiced in past centuries."
(Bilderberg, juin 1991)
Ou encore, pour prendre un journal conservateur américain qui aurait certainement été attaqué en diffamation si la citation était fausse:
http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=19881
“We are grateful to the Washington Post, The New York Times, Time Magazine and other great publications whose directors have attended our meetings and respected their promises of discretion for almost forty years. It would have been impossible for us to develop our plan for the world if we had been subjected to the lights of publicity during those years. But, the world is now more sophisticated and prepared to march towards a world government. The supranational sovereignty of an intellectual elite and world bankers is surely preferable to the national auto-determination practiced in past centuries.�
- David Rockefeller, Bilderberg Society 1991 (Baden-Baden Germany)
Trilateral (I)
Voici d’ailleurs la liste des membres européens de la Trilatérale, telle qu’elle était diffusée par son secrétariat en janvier dernier. Les "socialistes" n’y manquent pas.
EUROPEAN GROUP
**In Public Service
Paul Adams, Chief Executive, British American Tobacco, London
Urban Ahlin, Member of the Swedish Parliament and Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Stockholm
Krister Ahlström, Vice Chairman, Stora Enso and Fortum ; former Chairman, Finnish Employers Confederation ; former Chairman, Ahlström Corp., Helsinki
Edmond Alphandéry, Chairman, Caisse Nationale de Prévoyance, Paris ; former Chairman, Electricité de France (EDF) ; former Minister of the Economy and Finance
Jacques Andréani, Ambassadeur de France, Paris ; former Ambassador to the United States
*Stelios Argyros, Chairman and Managing Director, Preveza Mills, Athens ; former Member of the European Parliament ; former Vice President of UNICE, Brussels ; former President and Chairman of the Board of the Federation of Greek Industries, Athens
Jerzy Baczynski, Editor-in-Chief, Polityka, Warsaw
Estela Barbot, Director, AGA ; Director, Bank Santander Negocios ; Member of the General Council, AEP — Portuguese Business Association, Porto ; General Honorary Consul of Guatemala, Lisbon
*Erik Belfrage, Senior Vice President, Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken ; Director, Investor AB, Stockholm
Marek Belka, Executive Secretary, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), Geneva ; former Prime Minister of Poland, Warsaw ; former Ambassador-at-Large and Chairman, Council for International Coordination, Coalition Provisional Authority, Baghdad
Baron Jean-Pierre Berghmans, Chairman of the Executive Board, Lhoist Group, Limelette, Belgium
*Georges Berthoin, International Honorary Chairman, European Movement ; Honorary Chairman, The Jean Monnet Association ; Honorary European Chairman, The Trilateral Commission, Paris
Nicolas Beytout, Editor, Le Figaro, Paris ; former Editor, Les Echos, Paris
Carl Bildt, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Sweden ; former Chairman, Kreab Group of public affairs companies ; former Chairman, Nordic Venture Network, Stockholm ; former Member of the Swedish Parliament, Chairman of the Moderate Party and Prime Minister of Sweden ; former European Union High Representative in Bosnia-Herzegovina & UN Special Envoy to the Balkans
Ana Patricia Botin, Executive Chairman, Banesto ; Vice Chairman, Urbis ; Member of the Management Committee, Santander Group, Madrid
Jean-Louis Bourlanges, Member of the European Parliament (ALDE Group/UDF) and Chairman, Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs, Brussels ; former President of the European Movement in France, Paris
*Jorge Braga de Macedo, President, Tropical Research Institute, Lisbon ; Special Advisor to the Secretary General, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris ; Professor of Economics, Nova University at Lisbon ; Chairman, Forum Portugal Global ; former Minister of Finance
Lord Brittan of Spennithorne, Vice Chairman, UBS Investment Bank, London ; former Vice President, European Commission
Jean-Louis Bruguière, First Magistrate and First Vice President of the Paris County Court
Robin Buchanan, Senior Partner, Bain & Company, London
*François Bujon de l’Estang, Ambassadeur de France ; Chairman, Citigroup France, Paris ; former Ambassador to the United States
Edelgard Bulmahn, Member of the German Bundestag and Chairwoman of the Committee on Economic Affairs ; former Federal Minister, Berlin
Sven Burmester, Writer and Explorer, Denmark ; former Representative, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Beijing ; former World Bank Deputy Secretary and Representative in Cairo
Richard Burrows, Governor, Bank of Ireland ; Director, Pernod Ricard ; Chairman, the Scotch Whisky Association ; former President, IBEC (The Irish Business and Employers Confederation), Dublin
*Hervé de Carmoy, Chairman, Almatis, Frankfurt-am-Main ; former Partner, Rhône Group, New York & Paris ; Honorary Chairman, Banque Industrielle et Mobilière Privée, Paris ; former Chief Executive, Société Générale de Belgique
Antonio Carrapatoso, Chairman of the Board of Directors, Vodafone Portugal, Lisbon ; Member of the Board of Directors, Vodafone Spain & Vodacom
Salvatore Carrubba, Director of Strategies and Columnist, Il Sole 24 Ore, Milan ; former Culture Alderman, Municipality of Milan
Henri de Castries, Chairman of the Management Board and Chief Executive Officer, AXA, Paris
Carme Chacon Piqueras, First Vice-President of the Spanish Parliament, Madrid
Jürgen Chrobog, Chairman, BMW Herbert Quandt Foundation, Munich ; former German Deputy Foreign Minister and Ambassador to the United States
Luc Coene, Minister of State ; Deputy Governor, National Bank of Belgium, Brussels
Sir Ronald Cohen, Founding partner and Executive Chairman, Apax Partners Worldwide, London
Bertrand Collomb, Chairman, Lafarge, Paris ; Chairman, World Business Council for Sustainable Development
*Richard Conroy, Chairman, Conroy Diamonds & Gold, Dublin ; Member of Senate, Republic of Ireland
Eckhard Cordes, Chief Executive Officer, Franz Haniel & Cie, Duisburg ; former Member of the Board, DaimlerChrysler, Stuttgart
Alfonso Cortina, Chairman, Inmobiliaria Colonial ; Chairman, Repsol-YPF Foundation, Madrid
Eduardo Costa, Executive Vice Chairman, Banco Finantia, Lisbon ; Member, Forum Portugal Global
Michel David-Weill, Former Chairman, Lazard LLC, worldwide ; Chairman of the Supervisory Board, Eurazeo, Paris
Baron Paul De Keersmaeker, Chairman of the Board of Domo, Corgo, Foundation Europalia International and the Canada Europe Round Table, Brussels ; Honorary Chairman Interbrew, KBC, Nestlé Belgilux ; former Member of the Belgian and European Parliaments and of the Belgian Government
*Vladimir Dlouhy, Senior Advisor, ABB ; International Advisor, Goldman Sachs ; former Czechoslovak Minister of Economy ; former Czech Minister of Industry & Trade, Prague
*Bill Emmott, Former Editor, The Economist, London Thomas Enders, Chief Executive Officer, EADS, Munich ; Chairman, Atlantik-Brücke (Atlantic Bridge), Berlin
Pedro Miguel Echenique, Professor of Physics, University of the Basque Country ; President, Foundation Donostia International Physic Center (DIPC) ; former Basque Minister of Education, San Sebastian
Laurent Fabius, Member of the French National Assembly and of the Foreign Affairs Committee ; former Prime Minister & Minister of the Economy & Finance, Paris
Oscar Fanjul, Honorary Chairman, Repsol YPF ; Vice Chairman, Omega Capital, Madrid
Grete Faremo, Director of Law and Corporate Affairs for Western Europe, Microsoft ; former Executive Vice
President, Storebrand ; former Norwegian Minister of Development Cooperation, Minister of Justice and Minister of Oil and Energy, Oslo
*Nemesio Fernandez-Cuesta, Executive Director of Upstream, Repsol-YPF ; former Chairman, Prensa Española, Madrid
Jürgen Fitschen, Member of the Group Executive Committee, Deutsche Bank, Frankfurt-am-Main Klaus-Dieter Frankenberger, Foreign Editor, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Frankfurt am Main
Louise Fresco, University Professor, Universiteit van Amsterdam (University of Amsterdam)
Hugh Friel, Chief Executive, Kerry Group, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
Lykke Friis, Pro-Rector, University of Copenhagen
*Michael Fuchs, Member of the German Bundestag, Berlin ; former President, National Federation of German Wholesale & Foreign Trade
Lord Garel-Jones, Managing Director, UBS Investment Bank, London ; Member of the House of Lords ; former Minister of State at the Foreign Office (European Affairs)
*Antonio Garrigues Walker, Chairman, Garrigues Abogados y Asesores Tributarios, Madrid
Wolfgang Gerhardt, Member of the German Bundestag ; Chairman of the Friedrich-Naumann-Foundation ; former Chairman of the Free Democratic Party ; former State Minister, Berlin
Lord Gilbert, Member of the House of Lords ; former Minister for Defence, London
Esther Giménez-Salinas, Rector, Ramon Llull University ; Professor of Criminal Law, ESADE Law School, Ramon Llull University, Barcelone
Mario Greco, Chief Executive Officer, Eurizon Finantial Group ; former Managing Director, RAS (Insurance), Milan General The Lord Guthrie, Director, N M Rothschild & Sons, London ; Member of the House of Lords ; former Chief of the Defence Staff, London
Sirkka Hämäläinen, Former Member of the Executive Board, European Central Bank, Frankfurt-am-Main ; former Governor, Bank of Finland
Alfonso Iozzo, Managing Director, San Paolo IMI Group, Turin
*Mugur Isarescu, Governor, National Bank of Romania, Bucharest ; former Prime Minister
*Baron Daniel Janssen, Chairman of the Board, Solvay, Brussels
Zsigmond Jarai, President, National Bank of Hungary, Budapest
Trinidad Jiménez, International Relations Secretary of the Socialist Party (PSOE) & Member of the Federal Executive Committee, Madrid
*Béla Kadar, Member of the Hungarian Academy, Budapest ; Member of the Monetary Council of the National Bank ; President of the Hungarian Economic Association ; Former Ambassador of Hungary to the O.E.C.D., Paris ; former Hungarian Minister of International Economic Relations and Member of Parliament
Robert Kassai, General Vice President, The National Association of Craftmen’s Corporations, Budapest
*Lord Kerr of Kinlochard, Deputy Chairman and Senior Independent Non-executive Director of Royal Dutch Shell ; Member of the House of Lords ; Director of Rio Tinto, the Scottish American Investment Trust, London ; former Secretary General, European Convention, Brussels ; former Permanent Under-Secretary of State and Head of the Diplomatic Service, Foreign & Commonwealth Office, London ; former British Ambassador to the United States
Denis Kessler, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Scor, Paris ; former Chairman, French Insurance Association (FFSA) ; Former Executive Vice-Chairman, MEDEF-Mouvement des Entreprises de France (French Employers’ Confederation)
Klaus Kleinfeld, Chief Executive Officer, Siemens, Munich
*Sixten Korkman, Managing Director, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy (ETLA) & Finnish Business and Policy Forum (EVA), Helsinki
Gabor Kovacs, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Bankar Holding ; Founder, KOGART (the Kovacs Gabor Art Foundation), Budapest
(to be continued in II)
Trilateral (I)
Voici d’ailleurs la liste des membres européens de la Trilatérale, telle qu’elle était diffusée par son secrétariat en janvier dernier. Les "socialistes" n’y manquent pas.
EUROPEAN GROUP
**In Public Service
Paul Adams, Chief Executive, British American Tobacco, London
Urban Ahlin, Member of the Swedish Parliament and Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Stockholm
Krister Ahlström, Vice Chairman, Stora Enso and Fortum ; former Chairman, Finnish Employers Confederation ; former Chairman, Ahlström Corp., Helsinki
Edmond Alphandéry, Chairman, Caisse Nationale de Prévoyance, Paris ; former Chairman, Electricité de France (EDF) ; former Minister of the Economy and Finance
Jacques Andréani, Ambassadeur de France, Paris ; former Ambassador to the United States
*Stelios Argyros, Chairman and Managing Director, Preveza Mills, Athens ; former Member of the European Parliament ; former Vice President of UNICE, Brussels ; former President and Chairman of the Board of the Federation of Greek Industries, Athens
Jerzy Baczynski, Editor-in-Chief, Polityka, Warsaw
Estela Barbot, Director, AGA ; Director, Bank Santander Negocios ; Member of the General Council, AEP — Portuguese Business Association, Porto ; General Honorary Consul of Guatemala, Lisbon
*Erik Belfrage, Senior Vice President, Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken ; Director, Investor AB, Stockholm
Marek Belka, Executive Secretary, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), Geneva ; former Prime Minister of Poland, Warsaw ; former Ambassador-at-Large and Chairman, Council for International Coordination, Coalition Provisional Authority, Baghdad
Baron Jean-Pierre Berghmans, Chairman of the Executive Board, Lhoist Group, Limelette, Belgium
*Georges Berthoin, International Honorary Chairman, European Movement ; Honorary Chairman, The Jean Monnet Association ; Honorary European Chairman, The Trilateral Commission, Paris
Nicolas Beytout, Editor, Le Figaro, Paris ; former Editor, Les Echos, Paris
Carl Bildt, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Sweden ; former Chairman, Kreab Group of public affairs companies ; former Chairman, Nordic Venture Network, Stockholm ; former Member of the Swedish Parliament, Chairman of the Moderate Party and Prime Minister of Sweden ; former European Union High Representative in Bosnia-Herzegovina & UN Special Envoy to the Balkans
Ana Patricia Botin, Executive Chairman, Banesto ; Vice Chairman, Urbis ; Member of the Management Committee, Santander Group, Madrid
Jean-Louis Bourlanges, Member of the European Parliament (ALDE Group/UDF) and Chairman, Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs, Brussels ; former President of the European Movement in France, Paris
*Jorge Braga de Macedo, President, Tropical Research Institute, Lisbon ; Special Advisor to the Secretary General, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris ; Professor of Economics, Nova University at Lisbon ; Chairman, Forum Portugal Global ; former Minister of Finance
Lord Brittan of Spennithorne, Vice Chairman, UBS Investment Bank, London ; former Vice President, European Commission
Jean-Louis Bruguière, First Magistrate and First Vice President of the Paris County Court
Robin Buchanan, Senior Partner, Bain & Company, London
*François Bujon de l’Estang, Ambassadeur de France ; Chairman, Citigroup France, Paris ; former Ambassador to the United States
Edelgard Bulmahn, Member of the German Bundestag and Chairwoman of the Committee on Economic Affairs ; former Federal Minister, Berlin
Sven Burmester, Writer and Explorer, Denmark ; former Representative, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Beijing ; former World Bank Deputy Secretary and Representative in Cairo
Richard Burrows, Governor, Bank of Ireland ; Director, Pernod Ricard ; Chairman, the Scotch Whisky Association ; former President, IBEC (The Irish Business and Employers Confederation), Dublin
*Hervé de Carmoy, Chairman, Almatis, Frankfurt-am-Main ; former Partner, Rhône Group, New York & Paris ; Honorary Chairman, Banque Industrielle et Mobilière Privée, Paris ; former Chief Executive, Société Générale de Belgique
Antonio Carrapatoso, Chairman of the Board of Directors, Vodafone Portugal, Lisbon ; Member of the Board of Directors, Vodafone Spain & Vodacom
Salvatore Carrubba, Director of Strategies and Columnist, Il Sole 24 Ore, Milan ; former Culture Alderman, Municipality of Milan
Henri de Castries, Chairman of the Management Board and Chief Executive Officer, AXA, Paris
Carme Chacon Piqueras, First Vice-President of the Spanish Parliament, Madrid
Jürgen Chrobog, Chairman, BMW Herbert Quandt Foundation, Munich ; former German Deputy Foreign Minister and Ambassador to the United States
Luc Coene, Minister of State ; Deputy Governor, National Bank of Belgium, Brussels
Sir Ronald Cohen, Founding partner and Executive Chairman, Apax Partners Worldwide, London
Bertrand Collomb, Chairman, Lafarge, Paris ; Chairman, World Business Council for Sustainable Development
*Richard Conroy, Chairman, Conroy Diamonds & Gold, Dublin ; Member of Senate, Republic of Ireland
Eckhard Cordes, Chief Executive Officer, Franz Haniel & Cie, Duisburg ; former Member of the Board, DaimlerChrysler, Stuttgart
Alfonso Cortina, Chairman, Inmobiliaria Colonial ; Chairman, Repsol-YPF Foundation, Madrid
Eduardo Costa, Executive Vice Chairman, Banco Finantia, Lisbon ; Member, Forum Portugal Global
Michel David-Weill, Former Chairman, Lazard LLC, worldwide ; Chairman of the Supervisory Board, Eurazeo, Paris
Baron Paul De Keersmaeker, Chairman of the Board of Domo, Corgo, Foundation Europalia International and the Canada Europe Round Table, Brussels ; Honorary Chairman Interbrew, KBC, Nestlé Belgilux ; former Member of the Belgian and European Parliaments and of the Belgian Government
*Vladimir Dlouhy, Senior Advisor, ABB ; International Advisor, Goldman Sachs ; former Czechoslovak Minister of Economy ; former Czech Minister of Industry & Trade, Prague
*Bill Emmott, Former Editor, The Economist, London Thomas Enders, Chief Executive Officer, EADS, Munich ; Chairman, Atlantik-Brücke (Atlantic Bridge), Berlin
Pedro Miguel Echenique, Professor of Physics, University of the Basque Country ; President, Foundation Donostia International Physic Center (DIPC) ; former Basque Minister of Education, San Sebastian
Laurent Fabius, Member of the French National Assembly and of the Foreign Affairs Committee ; former Prime Minister & Minister of the Economy & Finance, Paris
Oscar Fanjul, Honorary Chairman, Repsol YPF ; Vice Chairman, Omega Capital, Madrid
Grete Faremo, Director of Law and Corporate Affairs for Western Europe, Microsoft ; former Executive Vice
President, Storebrand ; former Norwegian Minister of Development Cooperation, Minister of Justice and Minister of Oil and Energy, Oslo
*Nemesio Fernandez-Cuesta, Executive Director of Upstream, Repsol-YPF ; former Chairman, Prensa Española, Madrid
Jürgen Fitschen, Member of the Group Executive Committee, Deutsche Bank, Frankfurt-am-Main Klaus-Dieter Frankenberger, Foreign Editor, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Frankfurt am Main
Louise Fresco, University Professor, Universiteit van Amsterdam (University of Amsterdam)
Hugh Friel, Chief Executive, Kerry Group, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
Lykke Friis, Pro-Rector, University of Copenhagen
*Michael Fuchs, Member of the German Bundestag, Berlin ; former President, National Federation of German Wholesale & Foreign Trade
Lord Garel-Jones, Managing Director, UBS Investment Bank, London ; Member of the House of Lords ; former Minister of State at the Foreign Office (European Affairs)
*Antonio Garrigues Walker, Chairman, Garrigues Abogados y Asesores Tributarios, Madrid
Wolfgang Gerhardt, Member of the German Bundestag ; Chairman of the Friedrich-Naumann-Foundation ; former Chairman of the Free Democratic Party ; former State Minister, Berlin
Lord Gilbert, Member of the House of Lords ; former Minister for Defence, London
Esther Giménez-Salinas, Rector, Ramon Llull University ; Professor of Criminal Law, ESADE Law School, Ramon Llull University, Barcelone
Mario Greco, Chief Executive Officer, Eurizon Finantial Group ; former Managing Director, RAS (Insurance), Milan General The Lord Guthrie, Director, N M Rothschild & Sons, London ; Member of the House of Lords ; former Chief of the Defence Staff, London
Sirkka Hämäläinen, Former Member of the Executive Board, European Central Bank, Frankfurt-am-Main ; former Governor, Bank of Finland
Alfonso Iozzo, Managing Director, San Paolo IMI Group, Turin
*Mugur Isarescu, Governor, National Bank of Romania, Bucharest ; former Prime Minister
*Baron Daniel Janssen, Chairman of the Board, Solvay, Brussels
Zsigmond Jarai, President, National Bank of Hungary, Budapest
Trinidad Jiménez, International Relations Secretary of the Socialist Party (PSOE) & Member of the Federal Executive Committee, Madrid
*Béla Kadar, Member of the Hungarian Academy, Budapest ; Member of the Monetary Council of the National Bank ; President of the Hungarian Economic Association ; Former Ambassador of Hungary to the O.E.C.D., Paris ; former Hungarian Minister of International Economic Relations and Member of Parliament
Robert Kassai, General Vice President, The National Association of Craftmen’s Corporations, Budapest
*Lord Kerr of Kinlochard, Deputy Chairman and Senior Independent Non-executive Director of Royal Dutch Shell ; Member of the House of Lords ; Director of Rio Tinto, the Scottish American Investment Trust, London ; former Secretary General, European Convention, Brussels ; former Permanent Under-Secretary of State and Head of the Diplomatic Service, Foreign & Commonwealth Office, London ; former British Ambassador to the United States
Denis Kessler, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Scor, Paris ; former Chairman, French Insurance Association (FFSA) ; Former Executive Vice-Chairman, MEDEF-Mouvement des Entreprises de France (French Employers’ Confederation)
Klaus Kleinfeld, Chief Executive Officer, Siemens, Munich
*Sixten Korkman, Managing Director, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy (ETLA) & Finnish Business and Policy Forum (EVA), Helsinki
Gabor Kovacs, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Bankar Holding ; Founder, KOGART (the Kovacs Gabor Art Foundation), Budapest
(to be continued in II)
Trilateral (II)
Jiri Kunert, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Zivnostenska banka ; President of the Czech Association of Banks, Prague
*Count Otto Lambsdorff, Partner, Wessing Lawyers, Düsseldorf ; Chairman, Friedrich Naumann Foundation, Berlin ; former Member of German Bundestag ; Honorary Chairman, Free Democratic Party ; former Federal Minister of Economy ; former President of the Liberal International ; Honorary European Chairman, The Trilateral Commission, Paris
Kurt Lauk, Member of the European Parliament (EPP Group-CDU) ; Chairman, Globe Capital Partners, Stuttgart ; President, Economic Council of the CDU Party, Berlin ; Former Member of the Board, DaimlerChrysler, Stuttgart
Anne Lauvergeon, Chairperson of the Executive Board, Areva ; Chairperson and Chief Executive Officer, Cogema, Paris
Pierre Lellouche, Member of the French National Assembly and of the Foreign Affairs Committee, Paris ; President, NATO Parliamentary Assembly
Enrico Letta, Under State Secretary, Office of the Prime Minister, Italy ; former Minister of European Affairs, Industry, and of Industry and International Trade, Rome
André Leysen, Honorary Chairman, Gevaert, Antwerp ; Honorary Chairman, Agfa-Gevaert Group
Marianne Lie, Director General, Norwegian Shipowner’s Association, Oslo
Count Maurice Lippens, Chairman, Fortis, Brussels Helge Lund, Chief Executive Officer of the Norwegian Oil Company, Statoil, Oslo
*Cees Maas, Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer of the ING Group, Amsterdam ; former Treasurer of the Dutch Government
Peter Mandelson, Member of the European Commission (Trade), Brussels ; former Member of the British Parliament ; former Secretary of State to Northern Ireland and for Trade and Industry
Abel Matutes, Chairman, Empresas Matutes, Ibiza ; former Member of the European Commission, Brussels ; former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Madrid
Francis Maude, Member of the British Parliament ; Chairman of the Conservative Party ; Director, Benfield Group ; former Shadow Foreign Secretary, London
Joao de Menezes Ferreira, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, ECO-SOROS, Lisbon ; former Member of the Portuguese Parliament
Peter Mitterbauer, Honorary President, The Federation of Austrian Industry, Vienna ; President and Chief Executive Officer, Miba, Laakirchen
Mario Monti, President and Professor Emeritus, Bocconi University, Milan ; Chairman of BRUEGEL and of ECAS, Brussels ; former Member of the European Commission (Competition Policy)
Dominique Moïsi, Special Advisor to the Director General of the French Institute for International Relations (IFRI), Paris
Luca Cordero di Montezemolo, Chairman, Fiat, Turin ; Chairman, Confindustria (Italian Confederation of Industry), Rome
Sir Mark Moody-Stuart, Chairman, Anglo American ; former Chairman, Royal Dutch/Shell Group, London
Klaus-Peter Müller, Chairman of the Board of Managing Directors, Commerzbank, Frankfurt-am-Main ; President, Association of German Banks (BDB), Berlin
Heinrich Neisser, Former President, Politische Akademie, Vienna ; Professor of Political Sciences at Innsbruck University ; former Member of Austrian Parliament and Second President of the National Assembly
Harald Norvik, Chairman and Partner, ECON Management ; former President and Chief Executive, Statoil, Oslo
Arend Oetker, President, German Council on Foreign Relations (DGAP) ; Vice Chairman, Federation of German Industries ; Managing Director, Dr. Arend Oetker Holding, Berlin
*Andrzej Olechowski, Founder, Civic Platform ; Former Chairman, Bank Handlowy ; former Minister of Foreign Affairs and of Finance, Warsaw
Richard Olver, Chairman, BAE Systems, London
Janusz Palikot, Chairman of the Supervisory Board, Polmos Lublin ; Vice President, Polish Confederation of Private Employers ; Co-owner, Publishing House slowo/obraz terytoria ; Member of the Board of Directors, Polish Business Council, Warsaw
Dimitry Panitza, Founding Chairman, The Free and Democratic Bulgaria Foundation ; Founder and Chairman, The Bulgarian School of Politics, Sofia
Lucas Papademos, Vice President, European Central Bank, Frankfurt-am-Main ; former Governor of the Bank of Greece
Lord Patten of Barnes, Chancellor of the University of Oxford ; Chairman, International Crisis Group, Brussels ; former Member of the European Commission (External Relations), Brussels ; former Governor of Hong Kong ; former Member of the British Cabinet, London
Volker Perthes, Director, SWP (German Institute for International and Security Affairs), Berlin
Dieter Pfundt, Personally Liable Partner, Sal. Oppenheim Bank, Frankfurt
Josep Piqué, Chairman of the Popular Party of Catalunya, Barcelona ; Member of the Parliament of Catalunya ; Member of the Spanish Senate ; former Minister of Foreign Affairs
Benoît Potier, Chairman of the Management Board, L’Air Liquide, Paris
Alessandro Profumo, Chief Executive Officer, UniCredito Italiano, Milan
Luigi Ramponi, Member of the Italian Senate ; former Chairman of the Defence Committee of the Chamber of Deputies, Rome ; former Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Italian Army)
Wanda Rapaczynska, President of the Management Board, Agora, Warsaw
Heinz Riesenhuber, Member of the German Bundestag ; former Federal Minister of Research and Technology, Berlin ; Chairman of the Supervisory Boards of Kabel Deutschland and of Evotec
Gianfelice Rocca, Chairman, Techint Group of Companies, Milan ; Vice President, Confindustria, Rome
H. Onno Ruding, Chairman, Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), Brussels ; Former Vice Chairman, Citibank ; former Dutch Minister of Finance
Anthony Ruys, Former Chairman of the Executive Board, Heineken, Amsterdam
Ferdinando Salleo, Vice Chairman, MCC (Mediocredito Centrale), Rome ; former Ambassador to the United States
Jacques Santer, Honorary State Minister, Luxembourg ; former Member of the European Parliament ; former President of the European Commission ; former Prime Minister of Luxembourg
*Silvio Scaglia, Chairman, Fastweb ; former Managing Director, Omnitel, Milan
Paolo Scaroni, Chief Executive Officer, ENI, Rome
*Guido Schmidt-Chiari, Chairman of the Supervisory Board, Constantia Group ; former Chairman, Creditanstalt Bankverein, Vienna
Henning Schulte-Noelle, Chairman of the Supervisory Board, Allianz, Munich
Prince Charles of Schwarzenberg, Founder and Director, Nadace Bohemiae, Prague ; Member of the Czech Senate ; former Chancellor to President Havel ; former President of the International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights
*Carlo Secchi, Professor of European Economic Policy and former Rector, Bocconi University ; Vice President, ISPI, Milan ; former Member of the Italian Senate and of the European Parliament
*Tøger Seidenfaden, Editor-in-Chief, Politiken, Copenhagen
Maurizio Sella, Chairman, Gruppo Banca Sella, Biella ; former Chairman, Association of Italian Banks (A.B.I.), Rome
Slawomir S. Sikora, Chief Executive Officer and Citigroup Country Officer for Poland, Bank Handlowy w Warszawie, Warsaw
Stefano Silvestri, President, Institute for International Affairs (IAI), Rome ; Commentator, Il Sole 24 Ore ; former Under Secretary of State for Defence, Italy
Lord Simon of Highbury, Member of the House of Lords ; Advisory Director of Unilever, Morgan Stanley Europe and LEK ; former Minister for Trade & Competitiveness in Europe ; former Chairman of BP, London
Nicholas Soames, Member of the British Parliament, London
Sir Martin Sorrell, Chief Executive Officer, WPP Group, London
Myles Staunton, Former Member of the Irish Senate & of the Dail ; Consultant, Westport, Co. Mayo
*Thorvald Stoltenberg, President, Norwegian Red Cross, Oslo ; former Co-Chairman (UN) of the Steering Committee of the International Conference on Former Yugoslavia ; former Foreign Minister of Norway ; former UN High Commissioner for Refugees
*Petar Stoyanov, Former President of the Republic of Bulgaria ; Member of Bulgarian Parliament ; Chairman of Parliamentary Group of United Democratic Forces ; Chairman of Union of Democratic Forces, Sofia
Peter Straarup, Chairman of the Executive Board, Danske Bank, Copenhagen ; Chairman, the Danish Bankers Association
*Peter Sutherland, Chairman, BP p.l.c. ; Chairman, Goldman Sachs International ; Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General for Migrations ; former Director General, GATT/WTO ; former Member of the European Commission ; former Attorney General of Ireland
Björn Svedberg, Former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ericsson, Stockholm ; former President and Group Chief Executive, Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken
Pavel Telicka, Partner, BXL-Consulting, Prague
Jean-Philippe Thierry, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, AGF (Assurances Générales de France), Paris
Lady Barbara Thomas Judge, Chairman, UKAEA (United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority) ; former U.S. Securities Exchange Commissioner
*Harri Tiido, Ambassador of Estonia and Head of the Estonian Mission to NATO, Brussels
Marco Tronchetti Provera, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Pirelli & C., Milan ; Deputy Chairman, Confindustria, Rome ; former Chairman, Telecom Italia
Elsbeth Tronstad, Executive Director, Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise (NH0) ; former Vice President, ABB, Oslo
Loukas Tsoukalis, Special Adviser to the President of the European Commission ; Professor at the University of Athens and the College of Europe ; President of the Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP), Athens
Mario Vargas Llosa, Writer and Member of the Royal Spanish Academy, Madrid
*George Vassiliou, Former Head of the Negotiating Team for the Accession of Cyprus to the European Union ; former President of the Republic of Cyprus ; Former Member of Parliament and Leader of United Democrats, Nicosia
Franco Venturini, Senior Editorial Commentator on Foreign Affairs, Corriere della Sera, Rome
Friedrich Verzetnitsch, Former Member of Austrian Parliament ; President, Austrian Federation of Trade Unions, Vienna ; Former President, European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC)
*Marko Voljc, Chief Executive Officer, K & H Bank, Budapest ; former General Manager of Central Europe Directorate, KBC Bank Insurance Holding, Brussels ; former Chief Executive Officer, Nova Ljubljanska Banka, Ljubljana
Alexandr Vondra, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Prague ; former Czech Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs
Joris Voorhoeve, Member of the Council of State ; former Member of the Dutch Parliament ; former Minister of Defence, The Hague
Panagis Vourloumis, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Hellenic Telecommunications Organization (O.T.E.), Athens
Marcus Wallenberg, Chairman of the Board, Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken (SEB), Stockholm
*Serge Weinberg, Chairman of the Supervisory Board, Accor ; Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Weinberg Capital Partners ; former Chairman of the Management Board, Pinault-Printemps-Redoute ; former President, Institute of International and Strategic Studies (IRIS), Paris
Heinrich Weiss, Chairman, SMS, Düsseldorf ; former Chairman, Federation of German Industries, Berlin
Nout Wellink, President, Dutch Central Bank, Amsterdam
Arne Wessberg, Director General, YLE (Finnish Broadcasting Company) and Director General, YLE Group (YLE and Digits Oy), Helsinki ; President, European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
*Norbert Wieczorek, former Member of the German Bundestag & Deputy Chairman of the SPD Parliamentary Group, Berlin
Hans Wijers, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Akzo Nobel, Arnhem
Otto Wolff von Amerongen, Honorary Chairman, East Committee of the German Industry ; Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Otto Wolff Industrieberatung und Beteiligung, Cologne
Emilio Ybarra, former Chairman, Banco Bilbao-Vizcaya, Madrid
Former Members in Public Service
John Bruton, European Union Ambassador & Head, Delegation of the European Commission to the United States
Lene Espersen, Minister of Justice, Denmark
Toomas Hendrik Ilves, President of the Republic of Estonia, Tallinn
Pedro Solbes, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Economy and Finances, Spain ; former Member of the European Commission
Karsten D. Voigt, Coordinator of German-American Cooperation, Federal Foreign Ministry, Germany
(end of the list)
Trilateral (III)